I will study the history of the environmental movement in Brazil. How/when did this movement begin? What forces caused it? Also the history involving deforestation of Brazil. There is the historical context of European countries exporting the Brazilwood to Europe. This investigation will also uncover the changes in motives of the people that are removing the trees.
The Portuguese were the first to export brazilwood, they were selling it to many countries including the British who used it as a dye. It was high in value due to the red color it produced.
I am interested in this project as a Biology major and environmental studies minor, studying the progression of the movement in a country that is not mine. Personally I am interested in agriculture and how that may be a motive
Primary Sources
Dean, Warren. “The First Wave.” In The Brazil Reader History, Culture, Politics, edited by Robert Levine and John Crocitti. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999.
Hemming, John. “Noble Savages.” In The Brazil Reader History, Culture, Politics, edited by Robert Levine and John Crocitti. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999.
“Map of Brazil, from Miller Atlas by Pedro and Jorge Reinel, Lopo Homen, Cartographers and Antonio de Holanda, Miniaturist, 1519 | Bridgeman Images: DeAgostini Library – Credo Reference.” Accessed February 13, 2018. https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/bridgemandeag/map_of_brazil_from_miller_atlas_by_pedro_and_jorge_reinel_lopo_homen_cartographers_and_antonio_de_holanda_miniaturist_1519/0.
Secondary Sources
Dean, Warren. Brazil and the Struggle for Rubber: A Study in Environmental History. Cambridge University Press, 1987.
“Dyes and Dyewood | Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History – Credo Reference.” Accessed February 13, 2018. https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/abcibamrle/dyes_and_dyewood/0.
Lockhart, James, and Stuart B. Schwartz. Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil. Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Mittermeier, Russell A., Gustavo A.b. Da Fonseca, Anthony B. Rylands, and Katrina Brandon. “A Brief History of Biodiversity Conservation in Brazil.” Conservation Biology 19, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 601–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00709.x.
Tavares Rocha, Yuri, Andrea Presotto, and Felisberto Cavalheiro. “The representation of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazilwood) in Sixteenth-and-Seventeenth-Century Maps.” Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 79, no. 4 (2007). http://www.redalyc.org/resumen.oa?id=32779414.